The set of all global variables is known as the global environment or global state. Global and local refer to scope, not lifetime, but scope often implies lifetime To understand how external variables relate to the extern keyword, it is necessary to know the difference between defining and declaring a variable
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When a variable is defined, the compiler allocates memory for that variable and possibly also initializes its contents to some value.
A third way is by declaring and defining a variable as being constant
A global variable or static variable can be declared (or a symbol defined in assembly) with a keyword qualifier such as const, constant, or final, meaning that its value will be set at compile time and should not be changeable at runtime. Data segment in computing, a data segment (often denoted.data) is a portion of an object file or the corresponding address space of a program that contains initialized static variables, that is, global variables and static local variables. The syntax of c++ is the set of rules defining how a c++ program is written and compiled C++ syntax is largely inherited from the syntax of its ancestor language c, and has influenced the syntax of several later languages including but not limited to java, c#, and rust.
A second use case would be multiple threads accumulating information into a global variable To avoid a race condition, every access to this global variable would have to be protected by a mutex. Variable lifetime is contrasted with scope (where a variable can be used)
