When hm levels in agricultural soils get to dangerous levels, it harms crop health and yield. We aimed to review the literature on the toxicity mechanisms associated with heavy metals, which will increase our knowledge on their toxic effects on the body organs, leading to better management of the metal poisonings. The present paper introduces the sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils, the factors affecting heavy metal accumulation in crops, and the strategies to reduce heavy metal accumulation in crops.
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Heavy metals play an important role in plant growth and development as essential nutrients at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations result in several adverse effects.
This review is focused on recent update on heavy metal contamination in water and soil, highlighting the principal sources of heavy metals and their toxicity
Furthermore, it delves into the technologies employed for the remediation of heavy metals. Some metals affect biological functions and growth, while other metals accumulate in one or more different organs causing many serious diseases such as cancer The pharmacokinetics and toxicological processes in humans for each metal is described.
