These reactions occur when the pigment chlorophyll, located within the thylakoid membranes, captures energy from the sun (photons) to initiate the breakdown of water molecules. The calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts, using atp and nadph to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. During the light reactions of photosynthesis, a chloroplast takes light energy and converts it into electrical energy, which is then used to create chemical energy in the form of nadph and atp
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These energy transformations occur along the thylakoid membrane (shown below).
Chlorophyll present in the thylakoid membrane absorbs energy from the sunlight and is involved in the formation of atp and nadph in the light reaction of photosynthesis through electron transport chains.
Thylakoids contain numerous peripheral and integral membrane proteins, as well as luminal proteins
